ABSTRACT
Objective Serum total prostatic specific antigen (tPSA), free prostatic specific antigen (fPSA), fPSA/tPSA ratio, and prostate cancer-specific antigen density (PSAD) were determined to explore the best identification point, thus improving the specificity of early screening of prostate cancer. Methods The tPSA, fPSA, fPSA/tPSA, and PSAD of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia group (n=250) and prostate cancer group (n=92) were tested, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to determine the best cutoff value for the evaluation. Results When the cutoff values of tPSA, fPSA/tPSA, and PSAD were at 11.3 mg/L, 0.16, and 0.18 mg/(L·cm3), respectively, the specificity and sensitivity were the best:82.4% and 84.2% for tPSA, 76.9% and 81.7% for fPSA/tPSA, and 83.1% and 80.4% for PSAD.When the best cutoff values of tPSA, fPSA/tPSA, and PSAD were combined in analysis, the specificity and sensitivity of fPSA/tPSA and PSAD combination showed the best result (92.4% and 81.4%, respectively).When the tPSA value was in the range of 4-10 mg/L, the optimal cutoff values of PSAD and fPSA/tPSA were 0.21 mg/(L·cm3) and 0.15, and the specificity and sensitivity reach the best, which were 84.1% and 80.1%, 81.0 % and 80.3%, respectively. Conclusion Combination of tPSA, fPSA/tPSA and PSAD analysis is better than any single of them in early screening of prostate cancer.The specificity and sensitivity of combined use of fPSA/tPSA and PSAD could serve as an optimal screening reference value.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze epidemic characteristics of COVID-19 epidemic in Qingpu District of Shanghai and provide evidence for prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods The COVID-19 cases diagnosed in the medical facilities in Qingpu District were included in the study.Descriptive epidemiology was employed to describe diagnosis, clinical symptoms and possible exposure. Results There were 53 suspected cases identified in Qingpu District, 47 of which were excluded and 6 were confirmed.Two confirmed cases were identified when seeking medical treatment and 4 by other means.Of the confirmed cases, 83.3% were male and 66.7% were imported.Their initial symptom was mainly cough.The 75.0% of the confirmed cases had underlying diseases.By PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2, 100.0% of the sputum specimens tested positive, 50.0% of the nasopharyngeal swabs were positive, whereas 100.0% of the throat swabs were negative. Conclusion COVID-19 is more common in men than in women.The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 in sputum samples is highest, followed by nasopharyngeal swabs and throat swabs.It is crucial to implement the countermeasures at earlier stages, such as strengthening the road entrance monitoring, at-home or intensive health observation of foreign visitors for early identification of suspected COVID-19 cases.